Copyright © 2012 Federation of European Biochemical Societies. Taken together, we propose that DOR exit from the nucleus is essential for basal autophagy stimulation even under nucleolus disruption. However, the nucleolus integrity is not essential for both DOR nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling and DOR function on basal autophagy. Indeed, DOR already undergoes nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling in basal conditions and, surprisingly, DOR exits continuously the nucleus and traverses the nucleolus. Our results show that DOR acts in basal autophagy. However, the mechanisms regulating basal autophagy still remain unknown. While autophagy has been mostly described as a stress-response mechanism, cells also need autophagy to maintain homeostasis in basal conditions. Mauvezin, Caroline Sancho, Ana Ivanova, Saska Palacin, Manuel Zorzano, AntonioĭOR is a bi-functional protein that regulates transcription and enhances starvation-induced autophagy. Nonetheless, we summarize the current knowledge of nucleos(t)ide synthesis inhibition-related innate immunity and propose it as a newly emerging antiviral mechanism of nucleoside analogs.ĭOR undergoes nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling, which involves passage through the nucleolus. ![]() The precise crosstalk between these two independent processes remains to be determined. Intriguingly, a few recent reports have shown that some nucleoside analogs, including gemcitabine, activated innate immunity, inducing the expression of interferon-stimulated genes, through nucleos(t)ide synthesis inhibition. Nucleoside analogs generally interfere with cellular nucleos(t)ide synthesis pathways, resulting in the depletion or imbalance of (d)NTP pools. In recent years, gemcitabine, a cytidine analog in clinical use for the treatment of many solid tumors, was also shown to have antiviral activity against a broad range of viruses. Nucleoside analogs have been frequently identified as antiviral agents. ![]() Shin, Hye Jin Kim, Chonsaeng Cho, Sungchan corazones ( masculine plural ) ( palo ) hearts ( plural ) idioms abrirle el corazón a alguién to open one's heart to somebody con el corazón en la boca / con el corazón en un puño estuvimos con el corazón en un puño hasta que … our hearts were in our mouths or we were on tenterhooks until … con el corazón en la mano ( con toda sinceridad ) with one's hand on one's heart, from the heart ( angustiado ) on tenterhooks no caberle el corazón en el pecho no me/le cabía el corazón en el pecho I/he was bursting with pride ( or joy etc.Gemcitabine and Nucleos(t)ide Synthesis Inhibitors Are Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Drugs that Activate Innate Immunity. ( de una manzana, pera ) core ( de una alcachofa ) heart se quita el corazón a la manzana core the apple b. ( apelativo cariñoso ) ( informal ) sweetheart ( informal ) 2. ( sentimientos ) heart es un hombre de gran corazón he's very big-hearted no tienes corazón you're heartless ( informal ) no tengo corazón para hacerlo I haven't the heart to do it pero en el fondo tiene su corazoncito but his heart's in the right place te quiero con todo mi corazón I love you with all my heart te lo digo de (todo) corazón I mean it sincerely te deseo de (todo) corazón que todo te salga bien I hope with all my heart that everything works out for you le destrozó or partió or desgarró el corazón it broke her heart or left her heartbroken aquellas palabras me llegaron al corazón those words touched me deeply haz lo que te dicte el corazón do as your heart tells you, follow (the dictates of) your heart c. ![]() ( Anatomy ) heart lo operaron a corazón abierto he underwent open heart surgery sufre del corazón she has heart trouble b.
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